CS 330 Lecture 15 – Polymorphism in C
Agenda
- what ?s
- ezmalloc
- a postfix calculator
- void *
- program this
- unions
- metaprogramming
TODO
- Read chapter 7 through section 7.3 in the book. 1/4 sheet.
EZMALLOC
What do these malloc calls look like?
- Allocating space for 100
ints? - Allocating space for 10
char *s? - Allocating space for 1
struct foo_t?
Postfix
for each token
if token is an operand
push onto operand stack
else token is an operator
pop two operands off stack
if addition
push sum
else if substraction
push difference
else if multiply
push product
else if divide
push quotient
pop final answer
Program This
Implement one of the following stack functions—for a linked stack data structure that holds pointers to anything ( void *s).
#ifndef STACK1_H
#define STACK1_H
typedef struct node_t {
const void *item;
struct node_t *next;
} node_t;
typedef struct {
node_t *head;
} staq_t;
staq_t *stack_new(); // row # % 6 == 0
void stack_push(staq_t *stack, const void *new_item); // row # % 6 == 1
int stack_is_empty(staq_t *stack); // row # % 6 == 2
const void *stack_pop(staq_t *stack); // row # % 6 == 3
const void *stack_peek(staq_t *stack); // row # % 6 == 4
void stack_free(staq_t *stack); // row # % 6 == 5
#endif
Code
ezmalloc.h
#ifndef EZMALLOC_H
#define EZMALLOC_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#define EZMALLOC(type, n) (type *) malloc(sizeof(type) * n)
#endif
ezmalloc_test.c
/* #include <stdio.h> */
/* #include <stdlib.h> */
#include "ezmalloc.h"
struct foo_t {
int a;
};
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
int *ia = EZMALLOC(int, 100);
char **sa = EZMALLOC(char *, 10);
struct foo_t *f = EZMALLOC(struct foo_t, 1);
return 0;
}
stack1.h
#ifndef STACK1_H
#define STACK1_H
typedef struct node_t {
const void *item;
struct node_t *next;
} node_t;
typedef struct {
node_t *head;
} staq_t;
staq_t *stack_new(); // row # % 6 == 0
void stack_push(staq_t *stack, const void *new_item); // row # % 6 == 1
int stack_is_empty(staq_t *stack); // row # % 6 == 2
const void *stack_pop(staq_t *stack); // row # % 6 == 3
const void *stack_peek(staq_t *stack); // row # % 6 == 4
void stack_free(staq_t *stack); // row # % 6 == 5
#endif
stack1.c
#include "ezmalloc.h"
staq_t *stack_new() {
staq_t *stack = EZMALLOC(staq_t, 1);
stack->head = NULL;
return stack;
}
void stack_push(staq_t *stack, const void *new_item) {
node_t *new_node = EZMALLOC(node_t, 1);
new_node->item = new_item;
new_node->next = stack->head;
stack->head = new_node;
}
void stack_free(staq_t *stack) {
while (!stack_is_empty(stack)) {
stack_pop(stack);
}
free(stack);
}
const void *stack_pop(staq_t *stack) {
const void *popped_item = stack->head->item;
stack->head = stack->head->next;
// we've lost the head node
return popped_item;
}
Haiku
We must be two things
Similar and different
Super and downcast
Similar and different
Super and downcast