CS 1: Lecture 3 – Scanner
Dear students,We start today by visiting a few of your questions and observations from your quarter sheets. I read through every single one of these, and respond to a few. They help me feel the pulse of the class.
Last time we just started teaching a machine to perform some math for us. I was talking with one of you last week about learning a foreign language. That student said that the first words he was learning were all body parts—so that when you get hurt in a foreign country you can make sure the right limb gets amputated. So it is with Java. Knowing the anatomy leads to less scarring. Let’s briefly review the grammar of Java:
program:
1 or more classes
class:
package name;
0 or more import statements
public class name {
0 or more methods
}
method:
public void name(...) {
0 or more statements
}
statement:
type name; <- declaration
name = expression; <- assignment
type name = expression; <- declassignment
object.method(expression); <- call
expression:
324
16.7
name
expression + expression
expression - expression
expression * expression
expression / expression
Let’s solve a few more problems today:
- What percentage of presidents have been Democrats? Republicans?
- How much space in square feet does each person get in the country of _______?
- A farmer sells as many full cartons of eggs as possible, and eats the rest. How many does she eat?
- What was my car’s most recent MPG?
- Something big is going to happen 171 days from now. What day of the week will that be?
In these first few problems, the data is more or less constant, and we are just using the computer as a really expensive calculator. Many real programs interact with the user. The user supplies the data at runtime, and the program responds. To provide for this dynamic behavior, we need a mechanism for getting user input. We will use another recipe book (a class) named Scanner for this task. Consider this example which computes a newborn’s Apgar score, developed in 1952 to help gauge the baby’s health right after birth:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Apgar {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Appearance: ");
int appearance = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Pulse: ");
int pulse = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Grimace: ");
int grimace = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Activity: ");
int activity = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Respiration: ");
int respiration = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Apgar: ");
System.out.print(appearance + pulse + grimace + activity + respiration);
}
}
This test is a little weird because it was invented by Virginia Apgar, an anesthesiologist. She was much bolder than me.
This program has both the I and the O of IO.
How’s your Apgar score in this second birth into computer science?
Here’s your TODO list of things to complete before next class:
- CS 145: the lab for next Tuesday is posted. If you would like to start early, I invite you to do so. You can submit your checkpoints right away at the beginning of lab and then leave, giving the rest of us more space! No pressure, however.
- Start homework 1. Two of the problems (
LemonAidandUshSure) use only the ideas we have discussed so far. The other one uses ideas we’ll hit upon Wednesday. - Read chapter 2 through section 2.2 in your book. Write a short program for a roommate or friend. Ask them for some data and retrieve it using a
Scanner. Compute something of interest to them and print the result to the console. Share your code on a 1/4 sheet for Wednesday.
See you next class!
P.S. It’s time a haiku!
I couldn’t reach O
Till I filled the gulf between
With 1000 mes
P.P.S.
Here’s the code we wrote together in class…
PartyTime.java
package lecture0908;
public class PartyTime {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int nDemocrats = 15;
int nRepublicans = 19;
int nPresidents = 45;
System.out.print("% of Democrats: ");
System.out.println(100.0 * nDemocrats / nPresidents);
System.out.print("% of Republicans: ");
System.out.println(100.0 * nRepublicans / nPresidents);
}
}
Apgar.java
package lecture0908;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Apgar {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Appearance: ");
int appearance = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Pulse: ");
int pulse = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Grimace: ");
int grimace = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Activity: ");
int activity = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Respiration: ");
int respiration = in.nextInt();
int apgar = appearance + pulse + grimace + activity + respiration;
System.out.print("Apgar score: ");
System.out.println(apgar);
}
}
MainTester.java
package lecture0911;
public class MainTester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; ++i) {
System.out.println(args[i]);
}
}
}
HelloGas.java
package lecture0911;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class HelloGas {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// type id = expression;
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Miles A? ");
double milesA = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Miles B? ");
double milesB = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Gallons? ");
double gallons = in.nextDouble();
double mpg = (milesB - milesA) / gallons;
System.out.print("MPG: " + mpg);
}
}
Space.java
package lecture0911;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Space {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.print("What country do you live in? ");
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
String country = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Population: ");
int population = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Area: ");
int area = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Area per person: " + area / (double) population);
}
}